Mental Health Legislation In Uk Social Work Essay

Emotional wellness Legislation In Uk Social Work Essay One grown-up in six in the UK experiences at least one types of psychological sickness whenever. Rate of mental diseases can as such be considered as predominant as asthma (Ray et al, 2008, p 2 to 13). Mental afflictions go from exceptionally basic conditions like discouragement to illnesses like schizophrenia, which influence under 1% of the populace. Mental sicknesses cost the country around 77 billion GBP consistently as far as costs on wellbeing and social consideration (Ray et al, 2008, p 2 to 13). Such sicknesses are not so much surely knew even today and frequently scare individuals and demonize individuals with such diseases (Sheppard, 2002, p 779 to 797). People with long haul emotional well-being issues are probably going to confront segregation and social avoidance, wonders that can prompt joblessness or underemployment, destitution, deficient lodging, social seclusion and criticism (Sheppard, 2002, p 779 to 797). While UK society is dynamically grappling with and acknowle dge advanced wonders like homosexuality and same sex relationships, individuals keep on being exceptionally uncertain about mental issue and regularly partner such conditions with lunacy and the requirement for separation and confinement of individuals with extreme and long haul emotional wellness conditions (Angermeyer Matschinger, 2003, p 304 to 309). Enactment and social arrangement towards intellectually sick individuals has anyway advanced significantly through the span of the twentieth century and all the more so over the most recent 25 years. I am set in a private unit that houses individuals that both genders who are more than 16 and have emotional wellness issues. This task centers around psychological well-being law and strategy in the UK and the different manners by which Ii am utilizing my insight and comprehension of these issues to advise my training. Emotional well-being Legislation in UK Poor emotional well-being keeps on having significant monetary and individual effect in the UK. Disgrace and segregation increment such effects (Angermeyer Matschinger, 2003, p 304 to 309). Social exploration has reliably discovered the nearness of amazingly negative perspectives towards people with psychological well-being issues (Angermeyer Matschinger, 2003, p 304 to 309). There perseveres the view that such individuals speak to perils to their networks, discernments which are likewise once in a while fortified by the media. Such negative perspectives don't happen just in the media and the overall population yet in addition among psychological wellness laborers and experts (Angermeyer Matschinger, 2003, p 304 to 309). Such components increment social separating, cause social prohibition and diminish the likelihood of such people to pick up work or access social and medicinal services administrations (Angermeyer Matschinger, 2003, p 304 to 309). While prejudicial perspectives towards the intellectually sick despite everything exists in significant measure and unfavorably influence the existence possibilities and social prohibition of such individuals, it additionally should be perceived that generous advancement has been made through the span of the twentieth century and particularly over the most recent 25 years to improve the physical, mental, financial and social states of such individuals (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). Such changes have essentially been achieved through changes in enactment and in social approach (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). Individuals with psychological instabilities have generally been seen adversely by society, with perspectives towards them changing from being innocuous disturbances to brutality inclined and perilous people (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). Families with individuals with psychological maladjustments have frequently attempted to shroud such conditions inspired by a paranoid fear of social defamation and the state, directly until the finish of the nineteenth century, was OK with securing such individuals up neurotic shelters (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). The Madhouse Act 1774 prompted the formation of a commission with power to offer licenses to premises for obliging crazy people (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). Succeeding enactment gave mental emergency clinics the power to keep individuals with mental afflictions (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). The Lunacy Act 1890 was revoked with the death of the Mental Health Act 1959. The Mental Health Act 1959 fortified the Mental Treatment Act 1930 and permitted most mental admissions to occur on a willful premise (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). The Act planned for giving casual treatment to most people with mental sicknesses, even as it made a legitimate structure for confinement of specific individuals (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). The suggestions made in the Percy Report prompted choices on obligatory confinement of intellectually sick people changing from legal to regulatory privileges (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). The 1959 Act anyway didn't explain whether lawful detainment orders for individuals with mental clutters approved medical clinics to treat such individuals without their assent (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). The death of the Mental Health Act 1983 gave a scope of shields to individuals in emergency clinics. The demonstration additionally forced an obligation on the area wellbeing specialists and socia l assistance offices to give after consideration administrations to the individuals released from medical clinic (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). The Mental Health Act 1983 secured the appraisal, treatment and the privileges of individuals with emotional well-being conditions and determined that individuals could be kept just if the severe measures indicated in the demonstration were met (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). The Mental Health Act 2007 planned to modernize the Mental Health Act 1983 and consolidated changes that broadened the meaning of mental issue and gave more noteworthy state to patients about who their closest family members were (Ray et al, 2008, p 2 to 13). The demonstration additionally diminished the circumstances where electroconvulsive treatment could be given without authorization, gave kept patients rights to autonomous psychological wellness advocates, gave 16 and multi year olds rights to concur or decline admission to clinic without such choices being supplanted by guardians and presented managed network treatment (Ray et al, 2008, p 2 to 13). The alteration of the Mental Health Act was trailed by the distribution of a code of training that gives direction to medicinal services experts on the understanding of the law all the time (Ray et al, 2008, p 2 to 13). The code of training has five significant increments to core values, which manage reason, least limitation, coopera tion, and viability, productivity and value (Ray et al, 2008, p 2 to 13). The code critically expresses that the particular needs of patients should be perceived and patients ought to be included to the best conceivable degree in the arranging of their treatment (Ray et al, 2008, p 2 to 13). While The Mental Health Act 1983, as altered in 2007, comprises the most significant psychological wellness enactment in the nation, the privileges of individuals with emotional wellness illnesses is likewise administered by different acts like The Mental Capacity Act 2005, The Disability Discrimination Act 1995, The Health and Social Care Act 2008, The Care Standards Act 2007, The Mental Health (Patients in the Community) Act 1995, The Carers (Recognition and Services) Act 1996 and The Community Care (Direct Payment) Act 1996. These demonstrations by method of specific arrangements accommodate the rights and qualifications of youthful and elderly people with mental diseases (Mind.Org, 2010, p 1). Dynamic enactment in regions of emotional well-being has been joined by changes in social consideration strategy for individuals with such infirmities (Brand et al, 2008, p 3 to 7). The start of social work in the zone of emotional well-being initiated with the commitment of a social specialist by the Tavistock Clinic in 1920 (Brand et al, 2008, p 3 to 7). While social work in the territory of emotional wellness was curbed until the 1950s, it thusly accepted bigger measurements and prompted the acknowledgment of the utility of non clinical social mediations for treatment of clinical medical problems (Brand et al, 2008, p 3 to 7). The distribution of the Beverage Report in 1942 was instrumental in adjusting government strategy and moving the treatment of individuals with mental clutters from emergency clinics to the network (Brand et al, 2008, p 3 to 7). The 1950s saw the foundation of day clinics, more noteworthy adaptability in provisioning of mental administrations and decrease in emergency clinic beds (Brand et al, 2008, p 3 to 7). The presentation of cutting edge tranquilizes, the foundation of restorative bodies and improvement of more noteworthy outpatient administrations prompted the decline of quantities of mental inpatients from 1955 (Brand et al, 2008, p 3 to 7). A lot of such abatement was provoked by the presentation of social restoration and resettlement techniques, presentation of against maniacal prescription and accessibility of government assistance benefits (Brand et al, 2008, p 3 to 7).Intensive discussion and conversation in the media and among the network on the need to improve the states of individuals with emotional wellness issues prompted the presentation of explicit projects like the Care Program Approach (CPA) in 1991 and other government activities (Ray et al, 2008, p 2 to 13). The direction on Modernizin g Mental Health Services worried upon the requirement for giving consideration consistently of the day and night and access to a far reaching cluster of administrations (Ray et al, 2008, p 2 to 13).The presentation of the National Service Framework for Mental Health in 1999 explained the national principles for psychological well-being, their targets, how they were to be created and conveyed and the strategies for estimating execution in various pieces of the nation (Sheppard, 2002, p 779 to 797).Social specialists are currently assuming significant jobs in the treatment of individuals with emotional well-being issue and their more prominent incorporation in the network (Brand et al, 2008, p 3 to 7. Social work hypothesis and practice has consistently embraced the utilization of the social model for managing individuals with psychological well-being issues and have added to the improvement of a scope of approaches that are all encompassing, enabling and network situated in approach (Brand et al, 2008, p 3 to 7.Apart fro

A Play Topaz by Marcel Pagnol

A Play Topaz by Marcel Pagnol It is hard for a fair man to live in a degenerate world. This is the reason of Marcel Pagnol’s play entitled Topaze. A genuine man in a degenerate world resembles a fish out of water. In the said play the hero clung to a lot of qualities that are strange to the individuals that have adjusted to a conviction framework that was established in debasement (Pagnol 10). Publicizing We will compose a custom paper test on A Play Topaz by Marcel Pagnol explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More If this is the situation, at that point, the future looks grim for the individuals who try to follow the correct way. It is in this manner critical to answer the question with respect to the trouble of living in a degenerate world. Be that as it may, a closer perusing of the play will uncover that Pagnol didn't expound on the trouble of living in a degenerate world, rather, he concentrated on the trouble of accomplishing achievement. A legitimate man is an outsider in a degenerate wo rld. He has values that are outlandish to a degenerate man. This can be found in the early piece of the story wherein the peruser is advised about the stupidity of looking for after indecent increase (Pagnol 9). On account of the hero named Topaze, he was gullible enough to accept that the world he lived in shared his qualities (Popkin 164). His name represents a valuable stone amidst futile rotting matter. Defilement in its fundamental structure implies something can't make due till the end. A bit of meat left in outdoors can't see the week's end on the grounds that the deteriorating tissue is devoured by components of rot. A valuable stone then again is valuable on account of its magnificence as well as its backbone. Along these lines, a degenerate man may appreciate the trappings of riches yet incapable to appreciate the genuine significance of life. The rich man in the play wore excellent garments however bears the torment of a messed up family (Pagnol 15). The spouse of the ric h patriarch has all the fine things that cash can purchase however returns home to a vacant house since her better half invests most of his energy with his fancy woman. The creator said that it is smarter to endure detestable as opposed to appreciate the products of shameless activities (Pagnol 9). A legitimate man will be unable to manage the cost of gold and precious stones yet he can return home to a family that cherishes him. He can appreciate existence with a spouse that approaches him with deference. Moreover, a legitimate man can create kids that approach him with deference. Promoting Looking for exposition on workmanship and plan? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is one thing that can be normal in the life of a degenerate man and that is to repeat a similar way of thoroughly considering his kids (Pagnol 10) Consider for example the manner in which the child of the rich man attempted to control the framework as he wanted to accomplish scholarly greatness without investing genuine exertion in his examinations (Pagnol 11). Returning to the question with respect to trustworthiness, one can contend that a fair man can live in a degenerate world. Be that as it may, it is hard to achieve achievement. Topaze can make due in a debased world, yet he discovered that it is difficult to succeed (Pagnol 139). There is a major contrast between the possibility of endurance and achievement. Endurance implies the capacity to live in a general public with simply the minimum necessities. It is living in steady concern that there may not be sufficient nourishment for the family. It is an existence without confirmation of lasting safe house and access to medicinal services. This is outlined through the change of Topaze from a poor instructor to a man of riches and influence (Pagnol 135). An effective individual on the different goes past endurance. He and his family appreciate benefits that are out of reach to others Success is comprehended as the amassing of riches and everything that goes with it. Achievement is the ability to give solace to the family. Achievement implies the affirmation of access to answers for pretty much every possible need. This was represented by the proof of amassed riches when Topaze showed the his rewards for all the hard work like an office with all the trappings of influence and titles that talk about his status in the network (Pagnol 183). By the by, Topaze’s life was additionally a case of the value that must be paid as far as trading a glad and quiet existence with one that is loaded with pressure and inward disturbance (Pagnol 141). A fruitful individual gives every one of these things. In any case, a poor man doesn't approach assets that empowers him to achieve achievement. Subsequently there is incredible impulse to twist the principles and at times to break them so as to aggregate riches that prompts achievement. Toward the end Topaze capitulat ed to the enticement since he was unable to oppose the appeal of riches as well as the excellence of ladies (Pagnol 183). At long last Topaze was enticed by riches as well as by the charms of a temptress (Pagnol 183). Consequently, it tends to be said that a legit man can live in a degenerate world however it would be exceptionally hard for him to discover success.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on A Play Topaz by Marcel Pagnol explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion The play qualified Topaze appears for contend that a genuine man can't live in a degenerate world. However, a closer perusing of the play will uncover that a fair man can live in a degenerate world yet will think that its hard to accomplish achievement. The trouble lies in his choice not to abuse the standards ingrained in his brain and heart. Albeit a legit man may not discover achievement, he can get by in a degenerate world. By and by, he may discover it very hard to stay f air for long. Pagnol, Marcel. Topaze. Paris: Aux Grandes, 1930. Print. Popkin, Debra. Current French Literature. MI: Ungar Press, 1977. Print.

Best Chemistry Majors and Programs at Small Liberal Arts Schools TKG

Best Chemistry Majors and Programs at Small Liberal Arts Schools Chemistry is a science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and the transformations that they undergo. Chemists inquire into how matter is composed and combined, and chemistry is sometimes referred to as the central science, and the foundation of all fields of scientific knowledge.Career options for students who study chemistry include becoming an analytical chemist, chemical engineer, forensic scientist, materials scientist, pharmacologist, agricultural chemist, and more. We’ve compiled a list of the top programs at small liberal arts schools below:Harvey Mudd: In addition to coursework in the traditional fields of chemistry (Analytical Chemistry,  Biochemistry,  Inorganic Chemistry,  Organic Chemistry,  and Physical Chemistry,) the curriculum at HMC offers elective courses that allow for specialization in the areas of Bioorganic Chemistry, Biophysical Chemistry,  Computational Chemistry,  Industrial Chemistry,  Lasers in Chemistry,  Materials S cience,  Organometallic Chemistry,  Surface Science,  and Synthetic Methods. PhD faculty teach all courses and labs, and each faculty member has their own dedicated research space. Within the department, you’ll also find state of the art instrumentation rooms and computational facilities. Carleton: The Chemistry curriculum at Carleton is built on an apprenticeship model: there are multi-week inquiry projects in lower-division labs, advanced projects for upper-level courses, and research projects with faculty and senior integrative exercises for upperclassmen. In terms of choosing which courses to start with, students are encouraged to take a self-administered placement exam; and there are options for students who want to major in Chemistry and options for those who would like to use chemistry to fulfill a science lab course. The list of course offerings is robust (Carleton has a very user-friendly website) but it is often mentioned on the website that careful planning is required for all Chemistry majors. All students, especially those who would like to participate in an off-campus studies program, are encouraged to plan their schedules out in advance and meet with advisors to ensure that they’re on track. Swarthmore: Swarthmore offers a major in Chemistry, a minor in Chemistry, and a major in Educational Studies and Chemistry with a teaching certificate. If you’re interested in teaching Chemistry, the program is worth looking into. You can submit an application to join a research group, which are constantly evolving. You’ll also find Alchemist Workshops, which are drop-in study sessions with high performing peers. And then there is the colloquium schedule, which are meetings for students to learn about new research in the field. Pomona: Pomona offers both a Chemistry major and minor, and students can enroll in a pre-professional chemistry curriculum that is certified by the American Chemical Society. The school also offers a chemical engineering track . 90% of chemistry majors do a summer undergraduate research project, and students at Pomona can take elective courses at other Claremont Colleges. Pomona also hosts the 5C Chemistry Seminar Series, where guest speakers come to campus and hold lectures and plan activities for students. Barnard:A liberal arts education is often associated with program flexibility. While there is some flexibility at Barnard, students adhere to a stricter (and well-thought-out) approach to studying Chemistry. There is a three-year sequence of core courses, in which students familiarize themselves with inorganic, organic, physical, analytical, and biological chemistry.  And no matter what, you’ll start out by taking BC2001x:General Chemistry I, which is the entry-level Chemistry course offered at the school. Barnard themselves calls the sequence “untraditional,” but they stand by their unique approach.  Hamilton: Chemistry students at Hamilton spend the first three years taking classes and workin g towards the Senior Program: an intense two-semester project that combines scientific research with reading and understanding of scientific literature. It’s then turned into a senior thesis that is presented publicly and defended in front of the Chemistry department.   A standout course at Hamilton is 348 S Science, Technology, and Society; the course look into the assumptions and hierarchies that have long been embedded into science and technology, and sheds light on inequalities of opportunity in the STEM field. Half of Hamilton’s chemistry alumni go on to do graduate study, and the flexible curriculum allows students to follow their passions, not a fixed course structure. Bowdoin:There is a heavy focus on research at Bowdoin (they call the students “investigators”) coupled with a focus on collaboration, whether that’s with fellow students or faculty members. There are numerous fellowships available, and faculty members hold an open house to discuss their upcoming resea rch projects. The emphasis on small classes, discussions, and one-on-one work with professors means that students can form relationships with faculty, which can lead to increased research opportunities, stellar letters of recommendation, and long-term commitments to passion projects. Amherst: The Chemistry program at Amherst has similar offerings to the rest of the schools on our list. But additionally, many students take part in paid internships with faculty during their time at Amherst. The Summer Science Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program is an 8-10 week program, and fellows stay on campus, and the research topics change yearly. While most schools offer research opportunities, a majority of them are unpaid. Attending Amherst also gives you access to the rest of the schools in the five-college consortium.  If you need help breaking down the research and figuring out where to apply, contact us here.

Justice Is Nothing Other Than The Advantage Of The...

In the opening two books of the Republic, Thrasymachus, along with Glaucon and Adeimantus, proposes fascinating arguments against the definition of justice. According to Thraysmachus, Justice, by its nature, is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger. Despite Socrates’s strong disagreement, many just and unjust incidents in Amazing Grace serve as great examples to support Thrasymachus’s view. In the following paragraphs, I am going to first summarize the arguments from Thrasymachus and Glaucon, and then analyze how the examples from Amazing Grace validate the traditional definition of justice. In Book I, Thrasymachus straightforwardly states that â€Å"justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger† (Plato, 338c). He then defends his account in two arguments. The first argument is that the people who have more power get to decide the rules, and those in decision are simply ruling to their own advantages. This statement is supported by the example of ruling a city. According to Thrasymachus, cities are ruled differently by their natures. Democracy rules in a democratic fashion, meaning the laws favor the majority of the people; tyranny makes tyrannical laws, which favor the tyranny; and so on with the other ones. Nonetheless, what in common is that no matter what the laws are, the rulers declare what they have made to be just for their subjects, which in fact is to their own advantages. Since acting in accordance to the laws is just, those who behave in aShow MoreRelatedPlato s View On Justice1261 Words   |  6 PagesWell-structured societies are buil t on a foundation of justice that brings unity, development, equality and respect between people. Throughout The Republic, Plato defines justice and its significance to the state and its individuals. In Book I, Thrasymachus and Socrates both provide their views on the definition of justice. The discussion takes place in Cephalus’s residence with his son Polymarchus. Through Plato’s dialogue, the definitions on justice by both Thrasymachus and Socrates will be discussedRead MoreTaking a Look at Platos Republic1690 Words   |  7 Pagesout to answer not only what justice is, but also why we should be just. The first book sets up these challenges. The interlocutors engage in the dialectic similar to that found in other Platonic works. While among a group of both â€Å"teachers† and â€Å"students†, Socrates poses the question, â€Å"What is justice?† He proceeds to deny every suggestion offered in his usual fashion, showing how each contains contradi ctions [331c-337e]. As is also common, Socrates offers no definition of his own, and the discussionRead MoreThe Ethical Ambiguity Concerning the Death Penalty Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pagesambivalence, it is an appealing topic of study. A curious facet of the ethical dilemma is that it transcends various fields of interest. The ethics issue is scrutinized by philosophers and psychologists, but this theme is frequently introduced in other curricula. Accounting, for example, has its own set of ethical mandates. Moreover, nearly every profession is impacted by a generally accepted code of ethics – doctors, lawyers, contractors, and the list goes on! In fact, almost every day an individualRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1696 Words   |  7 Pagesmere savages into a brand new light by portraying the Igbo society. It also scrutinizes, from the perspective of an African, the effects that the European colonialism brought on the Igbo society (Kenalemang, p.2). Chinua’s presentation of the traditional life of the Igbo society presented in his novel much revolves around the organization gender roles. Igbo life is basically gender rooted, from the types of crop that women and men grow, to crime characterization. The Igbo culture present women asRead MoreRace Relations : A Resolved Issue?1644 Words   |  7 Pagesinjustice and public outcry will change nothing until we understand completely the issues that bring about these events. We have to be careful when dealing with this issue; we have to be contributing to part of the solution rather than the being the problem itself. Injustice could be the turning point in which we transform and open up to the media and investigate our racial assumptions. In todays’ day and age, fear is fostered in the danger of pretending to seek justice when action isn’t taken. Race relationsRead MoreEssay about Sociological Analysis of Sexual Assault1554 Words   |  7 Pageslaw, has a differe nt burden of proof, and has different results. The civil suit is generally defined by court cases, rather than by treatment of law, as is criminal justice. The macro-diachronic approach is a modern theoretical model of crime and deviance, which specifically attempts to delineate which dynamics account for social transformation of crime and criminal justice. More specifically, in the case of sexual assault, this approach focusses on the changes in the labour force (gender based)Read MoreWhat Is Terrorism, Is It Wrong, And Could It Ever Be Morally Permissible?1530 Words   |  7 Pagesway to where terrorism can be discussed fairly and examined critically. Terrorism has been defined differently by various people, but many have voiced their concerns about this type of violence. Jaggar tried to develop an account (i.e., in-depth definition) of terrorism that would be consistent, precise, and impartial (Jaggar Pg. 205). For an account to be impartial, there must be a separation of the moral assessment of terrorists’ ends from the moral assessment of the ways or strategies used by themRead More Amartya Sens What is Equality? Essays3 903 Words   |  16 Pagesdistributed according to principles and theories of social justice. I then consider the four most general principles designed to answer issues raised by the Equality of Welfare principle, Equality of Opportunity for Welfare principle, Equality of Resources principle and Equality of Opportunity for Resources principle. I consider each with respect to the more general normative principle that whatever theory of social or distributive justice we accept should be as ambition sensitive and endowment insensitiveRead MoreQuestions On The Theories Of Justice2659 Words   |  11 PagesIn this chapter, I aim to review and survey Karen Lebacqz’s six theories of Justice. This is essential if, as I will show later, these theories of justice will necessarily be implied in the founding documents and covenants of major social institutions in western civilization. Justice: Utility In its most basic definition, utilitarianism argues, â€Å"The right thing to do is to produce the most good.† According to John Stuart Mill, â€Å"‘utility’ or the ‘greatest happiness principle’ requires that actionsRead More Sport, Education, and the Meaning of Victory Essay examples3416 Words   |  14 Pagesrationale for including sport in education? I argue that it need not be by showing that we value winning precisely for the virtues associated with it. I then take Platos traditional parts of aretà ª: piety, sophrosunà ª, courage and justice and show how they are manifest in modern athletic ideals of self-knowledge, discipline, courage and justice. To the extent that scholastic athletic programs develop these virtues, I conclude, their pursuit of winning is not at odds with the institutional mission of educating

ICT and People with Special Needs Essay - 1361 Words

ICT and People with Special Needs There are many people that have disabilities, but there are many ways in which ICT can help them. ICT can give these people more opportunities in life due to the vast range of specially designed computer equipment. There are people with sensory impairment. People with sensory impairment include partially blind people and those who are totally blind. Being blind might make even the simplest of jobs e.g. reading letters and bills an uphill task. They might need a video magnifier. Even going to the local supermarket would be difficult because you could bump into things. Blind people can also use a special keyboard called the Braille keyboard to put data in to†¦show more content†¦They can issue commands using the device. If a person can not speak or if there speech is not clear than they can use voice synthesisers to speak words by the non speaker or speech synthesisers to enhance spoken words in a loud environment. In my main investigation, the special need that I will be focusing on is limited mobility. The technologies that I will be focusing on are: 1. Voice recognition system 2. Email 3. Online ordering 4. Electrical equipment 5. Cordless phone 6. Electric vehicles Main Investigation Voice recognition system Another piece of technology that might be good for some one with limited mobility would be voice activation. The way voice activation works is that it digitises your voice, and stores it on the hardware. All you do is issue commands to the device. You can do the simplest of tasks without having to move. Environmental control systems help people to control their home environment through a single switch, for example, opening and closing windows and doors, TVs, radios, doors, intercoms, telephones, lamps, curtains, windows, riser recliner chairs and beds, and alarms are among the devices that can be controlled. It is adapted to the environment they feel at ease in. Email E – Mail is a technology, which is used by everyone in today’s world and is getting bigger andShow MoreRelatedEvaluating The Effectiveness Of Using Ict For Teaching And Learning. Information Communication Technology ( Ict )1253 Words   |  6 Pages1. Evaluate the effectiveness of using ICT to support teaching and learning. Information communication technology (ICT) helps to learn theoretic development discoveries, treatment and support techniques for education and curriculum. It gives teachers, higher level teaching assistant (HLTA) and children access to educational resources from around the globe anytime and day. While using ICT, children learn concepts, history, ideas, theories and practices across culture when it is use in their classroomRead MoreThe Ict And Its Impact On Education1386 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction The ICT subjects was introduced in secondary schools early 2000’s with poor methodologies. 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Two students are also diagnosed with visualRead MoreTechnology And The Classroom Is Extremely Beneficial For Students For A Vast Number Of Reasons961 Words   |  4 Pageswith special needs, equips students to become lifelong learners and provides students with the necessary skills in order to be adequately prepared for the workforce, becoming confident and productive contributors to society. Technology can offer educational equality in a classroom of diverse learners, and students who possess a variety of learning styles. According to Zorigian and Job (n.d), there are digital devices and software available that support students with disabilities or special needsRead MoreEssay Music and Entertainment Industry: Digital TV and MP3s702 Words   |  3 Pages In the world nowadays, ICT has been responsible for assisting in the development of entertainment. One of the things that are mainly used in music entertainment now is the MP3 files which contain music. This technology is often used to play music with digital music players such as MP3 players and iPods. This now revolutionised the entertainment as it now allows people to listen to music without the need for a physical product for the players to play music off of such as using cds it is now quickerRead MoreThe Information Communication Technology ( Ict ) For A Start Up Business Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages The main purpose of this assignment is to identify the information communication technology (ICT) for a start-up business like the multi-cuisine restaurant in Chandigarh and also to get a clear progress on the progress of the same for the next 3-5 years. The business plan is to set up a multi-cuisine restaurant in Chandigarh, India. The reason why I chose this business is because we have a family business in catering and also a bakery specialised in north Indian sweets which is run by my fatherRead MoreA Report On The Tunisian Government1194 Words   |  5 Pagesintensive skills: ICTs. The Tunisian government has positioned these technologies in solid of its development plan. Information and communication technologies are considered as a tool enabling for economic diversification and for the creation of new activities in all sectors. Tunisia was among the first African countries which make ICTs a key element in its national strategy. Tunisia occupies the first rank in Africa and 38th out of a total of 134 countries in integrating ICTs in development. TheRead MoreThe Population s Aging Impact On Health Systems, Economies And Future Societies1583 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties.2 In addition, the aging of the population coincides with the technological revolution that has redefined our lives today and is transforming our society. Both phenomena are listed as key issues on the agendas of developed countries. In fact, ICTs are being considered as effective and â€Å"sustainable† solutions to the health and social well-being demands produced by the change in the demographic distribution.3 During a period in life when functional decline is present, having access to the digitalRead MoreInformation And Communication Technologies ( Ict )1722 Words   |  7 PagesOffice, 2008). Information and communication Technologies (ICT) has the potential to greatly increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the health sector by assisting healthcare providers with managing information. It also has the potential to lead to better cost-efficiency in the health sector. ICT can play a critical role in improving health care for individuals and communities. It can also transform informal regulation by providing people with the knowledge they require to challenge existing practices

Essay On American History - 740 Words

American History: Our Hope for the Future As I peer out the bus window I am amazed by the sight. A large, oval shaped setup outlined with high cement pillars representing every state and territory who participated. As I get off the bus and get a closer look I notice wreaths stationed at both the Pacific and Atlantic sides, connecting everything in a form of celebration. In the center, water dances up into the sky and trickles back into the pool, ready to go again. Old Glory can be seen greeting me to this happy place. I walk around to each pillar, in awe at its greatness. A strong sense of pride is sent throughout my body as I catch a glance at my home state. I think to myself â€Å"I am a part of this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As I make my way around, along the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I didn’t fight.† He told me bluntly after a few moments. I didnt press any further. To finish my project I asked my great uncle, who fought in combat. He informed me that my grandpa had to help clean up the concentration camps a nd battlefields after the war had concluded. No wonder he didn’t want to talk about it. As I walk my way through the museum, I cannot bring myself to speak. I read every board, poster, and analyzed every picture. Soon I made my way around a corner and a room could be seen up ahead. As I step into the room, it find it hard to take breaths. On both sides of the walk are shoes of the murdered. I couldn’t believe the sight, the smell, or the vibe of the room. I smelled death, despair, sadness, and burning. I felt terrified. The Holocaust museum made a lasting impact on me. If a memorial could affect me in such a way, I cannot even start to imagine what my grandfather had to go through. War can cause great destruction to those involved directly, indirectly, and even many decades later. The history my grandfather faced not only impacted his future, but mine as well. I may never get to know what my grandfather experienced. The sad truth strikes me that he will not be around for much longer to tell his tale. These veterans suffer from many mental disorders that affect their everyday lives. Some are noticeable to others, while others are silent. TheseShow MoreRelatedAmerican History Essays1013 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican History It is important to be proud of who you are and where you have come from. After watching the film American History X, whites are far from proud. We are ashamed to admit that people just like us can act in such a horrible and disillusioned way toward those that are different. As you watch, you see scenes of brutal violence, hear songs of hate and feel the pain of all involved. These acts show the viewers how easily young minds can be influenced to believe anything. TeachersRead MoreEssay On American History817 Words   |  4 Pages American History: Our Hope for the Future Take yourself back in time. You dare to lurk in a year, plagued by tyranny. It is you who ponder the overheard words, â€Å"I wish nothing but good; therefor, everyone who does not agree with me is a traitor and a scoundrel.† The lack of representation in parliament, unjust taxes and enforced intolerable acts, are secretly conferred, as you listen from the shadows of the British Empire. Silently you watch, as the Crown is assaulted with defiance as her colonistsRead MoreAmerican History Essay1026 Words   |  5 PagesThe early stages of The United States of America behold some of the most important moments in North American history. The Colonial Era of our sovereign nation illustrates the virtues that embody the American spirit: diligence, resilience, courage, and bravery. It’s the epic chronicle of an impossible battle won by ordinary men, men who risked life and limb to ensure that their families would see the light of the next day. It’s such men that I want t o analyze, their principals, their beliefs, theirRead MoreAmerican History Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesmigrants left Asia going to North America some 30,000 years ago. This was based on the â€Å"analysis of the genetic drift of Siberian and American Indian populations. It was believed that North American and Asia were connected by what geologist call Beringa. The hypothesis is that around 13,000 BCE there was a warming that melted glaciers that created the Pan American Highway, â€Å"along the eastern front range of the Rocky Mountains† (Faragher, Buhle, Czitrom, Armitage, 2009, p. 4). Using this accessRead MoreEssay On American History714 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican History: Our Hope for the Future Broken glass cracks under boot clad feet, as a clean up crews begin their work on the devastating scene of shattered windows, graffiti ridden walls, and charred buildings and bushes. The view wears evidence of chaos as a diamond necklace, adorned for the world to see. The night before, riots raged, with hatred as its driving fuel. Fires blazed, rocks were thrown through windows and doors, fists flew, and barriers were strewn throughout grass lawns, havingRead MoreEssay On American History740 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican History: Hope for the Future I once read the following story: As a man was passing by a group of elephants, he noticed that these massive creatures were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg. Moreover, a passerby would note it obvious that the elephants could break away from their bonds at any time, but for an unknown reason, they did not. Attracting a nearby trainers attention, he queried, â€Å"Why don’t these animals attempt to escape?† â€Å"Well,† the trainer replied, â€Å"whenRead MoreEssay on American History 1411 Words   |  6 PagesFrom 1754 to 1763, the French and Indian War cost Britain greatly. Feeling that the colonists benefitted the most from this war, Britain decided to tax the thirteen colonies to help pay for it. After all, the war provided the colonists with greater protection from the natives, and now had more land that had been conquered from France. Colonists in the early 1700’s were English subjects. As Englishmen, they were entitled to ce rtain rights. One of these rights was there was to be â€Å"no taxation withoutRead MoreEssay Interpretations of American History600 Words   |  3 PagesInterpretations of American History The world is full of rich culture, diversity and experiences unique to each individual. When determining the validity of historic accounts we must factor in that particular historian’s point of view, which should be characterized by ethnicity, idealogy, theoretical or methodological preference. With these factors views of the past often vary from person to person. In this essay I will be discussing the four different stages that shaped the writing of American history over theRead MoreAmerican History Essay1869 Words   |  8 PagesUnited States, 2006: a nation with a history of a mere 230 years, yet it stands as one of the most powerful nations in the world. Yet many of us know little about the history and cultural changes that led to the birth of this nation. We only know the bits and pieces that are taught as we sit daydreaming in our fifth grade classroom. The Puritans, the Pilgrims, Christopher Columbus, the Mayflower, we know about these people and things, yet what aspec ts of their lives created the change in AmericaRead MoreHistory of American Journalism Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesHumans, it seems, have an innate need to feel connected on a global level with one another. Our history as a civilization shows the importance that we have placed on sending and retrieving the latest news so that we may be ever informed on the happenings of the world. Beginning at first with the sending of messages of news to each other through conversations to the press explosion that Gutenberg set off with the invention of his printing press, people remained connected. The idea of public in the

Abnormal Psychology and Therapy free essay sample

Teresa Neal Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Paper In a world where nothing seems to be considered normal anymore, psychology tries to draw the line between what it is and what is not. The different schools of thought have their own perspective on the definition, origin, and treatment of abnormal behavior and this paper will cover a few, trying to make it possible to have a clear difference between normal and abnormal psychology. Normal and Abnormal Psychology Specifically defining behavior as normal or abnormal is a contentious issue in abnormal psychology. To try to distinguish between normal psychology and abnormal psychology, psychologists use three criteria; whatever is infrequent, maladaptive, and deviant from the cultural norm, falls under the category of abnormal behavior (Spoor, 1999). Mental health, also known as normal psychology, and mental illnesses and disorders, also known as abnormal psychology, have been defined in many ways, but should always be viewed in the context of ethnocultural factors and influence because what is considered normal in some environments may be considered abnormal in others. A person with a normal behavior and mental processes has the ability to adapt and cope with adversity, has a correct perception of reality, accepts self, avoids harm, and experiences continual psychological growth and development (Kowalski Westen, 2009). Abnormal psychology, on the other hand, is characterized by unusual patterns that some people might show in their behavior, thought process, and expression of emotion, patterns that are associated with distress or disability and can cause harm and an unreasonable response to a particular situation.Mental Disorders Daily functions such as the ability to think, read, remember, plan, and understand rely on an individuals cognitive skills (Medalia Revheim, 2002). Cognitive disorders are disorders of thinking or memory that signify an evident change from the personal former level of functioning. In certain situations the exact origin of the disorder can be identified, other cases the cause is unclear. Even though these disorders are biologically founded, the environment and psychological factors play significant roles in shaping the effect and extent of disabling symptoms in addition to the personal capacity to deal with them. (Nevid, et a. 2008). The most common cognitive disorders are amnestic, delirium, and dementia disorders. Amnestic disorders are a cognitive impairment relating a failure to develop new memories and the failure to remember old memories.Delirium is a severe, and reversible state of mental disorder, which involves confusion, and the lack of ability to focus on information or the surrounding environment. Individuals that suffer from delirium may suffer frightening hallucinations, particularly visual hallucinations. The loss of memory and understanding usually associated with behavior and personality changes describes dementia disorders. Different forms of dementia exist, depending on the cause; therefore; some types of dementia may be reversed with treatment.For example; those cases that are caused by brain tumors. Dementia caused by the disease Alzheimer’s cannot be reversed (Nevid, et al. 2008). On a personal note; these patients are difficult, they have to watch be continually as they can do harm to themselves and others. Mental Illnesses Although diagnoses of ADHD are based on behavioral symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, evidence suggests that children with ADHD also show important cognitive weaknesses in areas that are necessary to daily functioning at home work and school. Particularly research studies indicate that children with ADHD often have problems in; Executive functions (for example, planning a project, keeping attentive to a task, ignoring irrelevant information) Working memory (which is often considered an executive function) speed of information processing (children with ADHD process information more slowly than their peers) Many of these cognitive processes are often interrelated. For example problems in working memory can negatively affect other executive functions, or slow processing speed may lower an individual’s ability to recall and organize information. ttp://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/15499890 From the cognitive perspective, theorists suggest that a person diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorders suffer from impaired information-processing. The impairment is present in defined categories and boundaries that are maladaptive and result in an over-structuring of input but there is no evidence to show that this is the cause, rather than a consequence of OCD symptoms. Another cognitive theory suggests that OCD fear structures are especially various and a large number of stimuli can become associated with threat or danger.Passive avoidance of such a large number of stimulus associations can be extremely difficult and compulsions become necessary for the individual to feel safe. Although cognitive theories do provide insight into the outward aspect of OCD, they fail to clearly define how and why OCD and this cognitive impairment can arise. Similarities between the Schools of Thought There are quite a few similarities between the different schools of thought in treating mental disorders.All but the Psychodynamic therapies are short term usually lasting a year or less and most all therapies have the client or patient facing the therapist and are conversational. All therapies also look to help the client or patient change behaviors or thought patterns that are causing problems of one kind or another. Cognitive-Behavioral therapies help patients with behavior and cognitive problems. The therapist helps the patient focus on the problematic behavior and helps him or her find ways in which to address these behaviors and learn skills to change them.These therapies use a variety of techniques to help patients with phobias, social skills, accomplishing goals, anxiety disorders, and the like. Psychodynamic therapies both examine the patient’s thought patterns to get to the bottom of the undesired behavior or emotional responses. Humanistic therapies including Gestalt and Client-Centered therapies focus on the patient’s feelings and to experience themselves as they really are. Family, Marital, and Group therapies use group communication either one- on-one or in a group to help with problematic relationships and behaviors.Self-help groups are another type of group therapy that aims to help people either cope with undesired behavior, loss of a loved one, addictions, and disea se. [ (Kowalski, 2009) ] The common thread here with most therapies, the approach is a warm relationship with the therapist who shows empathy for the patient or client and giving him or her hope or efficacy in coping with their problem [ (Kowalski, 2009) ] Differences between the Schools of Thought While each school of thought has common factors in treatment methods, each school has developed different ways of addressing psychological problem.For instance, Psychodynamic therapies rely on two principles: the role of insight and the role of the therapist-patient relationship (Kowalski Western, 2009). It is believed that in order for therapeutic change to occur, a person must understand his or her own psychological processes. When in therapy it is one on one; the patient is either face to face with the therapist or lying on a couch with the therapist sitting behind them. Psychodynamic therapy emphasizes the notion that the patients problems stemmed from childhood.These problems follow the child into adulthood causing a conflict within new relationships. This transfer of emotion from past experiences is called transference, one of the techniques psychotherapies rely on. The two main treatments, psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy, are a long term process that focuses on developing awareness of these unconscious feelings. Psychodynamic therapy, like psychoanalysis, consists of three days a week over a long period of time. It is considered that patients who meet at least twice weekly benefit more than those who do not.Unlike psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on the person’s life as it is now; the current and conscious thought patterns and behavior. They are not concerned with exploring and altering underlying personality patterns or unconscious processes (Kowalski Western,  2009). The focus is on the present feelings and not the childhood experiences. Cognitive-based therapies are relatively short term and direct. Specific recommendations are made to bring about change in behavior.The sessions are well structured with questioning, and the patient usually is sent home with an assignment (Mote, 2011). While most cognitive behavioral techniques try to alter behavior, such as classical conditioning, cognitive therapy focuses on changing dysfunctional cognitions (Kowalski Western, 2009). These behaviors are automatic, and not unconscious. Therapy is a process of identifying and altering these automatic thoughts. Cognitive therapy techniques such as rational-emotional behavior therapy recognize the behaviors and works to mediate between the activating conditions and the emotional reactions.As each of the other therapies are more therapist-patient, Humanistic therapies focus on the world of the patient and qualities that make him or her unique (Mote, 2011). The therapy techniques that are used, Gestalt therapy and Roger’s client centered therapy, are primarily based on becoming aware of one’s own emotions, values, and motivations to bring about change. With group therapy, the individuals are concentrated on the individual dynamics and their reactions in the group process. Family therapy is centered on the structure of the family, and the main roots of conflict in family interaction.

Lau-Tzu Essays - Drinkware, Pitcher, Jug, Ewers,

Lau-Tzu We turn clay to make a vessel; But it is on the space where there is nothing That the utility of the vessel depends. Lao-Tzu 1 When we fill the jug, the pouring that fills it flows into the empty jug. The emptiness, the void, is what does the vessel's holding. The empty space, this nothing of the jug, is what the jug is as the holding vessel. . . . From start to finish the potter takes hold of the impalpable void and brings it forth as the container in the shape of the containing vessel. Martin Heidegger 2 These twenty six ewers by Peter Beasecker are a sustained meditation and inquiry within the medium of their facture on the form of the ewer. This also is a meditation and an inquiry on the form of the ewer, in another medium. The dialectical oppositions engaged by contemporary clay works--craft and art traditions, utilitarian and aesthetic objects, active use and contemplative regard, vessel and sculpture, surface and form, decoration and depth, concept and process--ramify in both the medium of their facture and the medium of this discourse. In both work in clay and in discursive engagement of those works, these terms deeply implicate their opposites. Form is a matter not simply of shape, but of the structure of the ewer as such, the necessary conditions of ewer-ness, a particular case of the vessel-form. The vessel-form, as Heidegger notes, can be as quotidian as a jug for holding something: The jug is a thing as a vessel--it can hold something. To be sure, this container has to be made. But its being made by the potter in no way constitutes what is peculiar and proper to the jug insofar as it is qua jug. The jug is not a vessel because it was made; rather, the jug had to be made because it is this holding vessel. 3 The jug is, and is thus a thing. The holdingness of the jug is its whatness, constituting the jug as a vessel. The particularities of its vesselness constitute the vessel as a ewer, and indeed as this ewer, with these characteristics. Juxtaposing several things together is to invite their comparison. Beasecker's ewers arrayed on shelves manifest their similarities and differences, eliciting comparison. Each of these ewers is a token within the type 'ewer'. The type is the universal, the class of things; the token is the particular instance, a member of the class. 4 Members of the class 'ewer' notwithstanding, each of these works is an individual, in a sense analogous to the application of the term to persons. The indiviudality of these pieces extends beyond the status of all artworks as quasi subjects:5 it is manifested by the inflections of form, evoking resonance with the gesture of the body. Variations within a type, these works are also variations from the type 'ewer' and variations on the type 'vessel'. Consequently, this essay is of necessity an exercise in interpreting the variorum. 6 The traditional type ewer is a wide-mouthed pitcher or jug, typically with a narrow neck, more or less bulbous body tapering and then swelling intto a relatively wide flairing foot. As the derivation of ewer from aquaria suggests, the ewer is traditionally a vessel for bring and pouring water for hand washing. 7 The general form of the ewer is similar to the classical Greek oinochoe, wine jug. Beasecker's interpretations of the ewer-form maintain the neck of the ewer, which in Beasecker's pieces assumes the function of an absent handle. Beasecker's pieces exchange the wide mouth, extended into a lip for pouring, of the traditional ewer-type for a thin, attenuated spout, emerging not as a modification of the mouth opening from a neck but rather extending directly from the body of the vessel. Freed of the necessity of pouring, the mouth can assume any of several shapes, suitable for filling the vessel; relative to the spout, the mouth is proportionately large. The result of this seperation and concomittant specialization of function is a vessel quicker to fill than to empty. This potential for relative ease of filling in comparison to slowness of pouring out emphasizes the function of the vessel as container, holder of liquid. To receive, to hold, and to pour out slowly is to concentrate attention on these functions. That which performs these several functions is a thing, a type of thing termed vessel. But any number of variations,

Wars in the Former Yugoslavia

Wars in the Former Yugoslavia In the early 1990s, the Balkan country of Yugoslavia fell apart in a series of wars which saw ethnic cleansing and genocide return to Europe. The driving force was not age-old ethnic tensions (as the Serb side liked to proclaim), but distinctly modern nationalism, fanned by the media and driven by politicians. As Yugoslavia collapsed, majority ethnicities pushed for independence. These nationalist governments ignored their minorities or actively persecuted them, forcing them out of jobs. As propaganda made these minorities paranoid, they  armed themselves and smaller actions degenerated into a bloody set of wars. While the situation was rarely as clear as Serb versus Croat versus Muslim, many small civil wars erupted over decades of rivalry and those key patterns existed. Context: Yugoslavia and the Fall of Communism The Balkans had been the site of conflict between the Austrian and Ottoman Empires for centuries before both collapsed during World War I. The peace conference which redrew the maps of Europe created the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes out of territory in the area, pushing together groups of people who soon quarreled about how they wished to be governed. A strictly centralized state formed, but opposition continued, and in 1929 the king dismissed representative government- after the Croat leader was shot while at parliament- and began to rule as a monarchical dictator. The kingdom was renamed Yugoslavia, and the new government purposefully ignored the existing and traditional regions and peoples. In 1941, as World War II spread over the continent, Axis soldiers invaded. During the course of the war in Yugoslavia- which had turned from a war against the Nazis and their allies to a messy civil war complete with ethnic cleansing- communist partisans rose to prominence. When liberation was achieved it was the communists who took power under their leader, Josip Tito. The old kingdom was now replaced by a federation of supposedly six equal republics, which included Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia, and two autonomous regions, including Kosovo. Tito kept this nation together partly by sheer force of will and a communist party which cut across ethnic boundaries, and, as the USSR broke with Yugoslavia, the latter took its own path. As Tito’s rule continued, ever more power filtered down, leaving just the Communist Party, the army, and Tito to hold it together. However, after Tito died, the different wishes of the six republics began to pull Yugoslavia apart, a situation exacerbated by the collapse of the USSR in the late 1980s, leaving just a Serb-dominated army. Without their old leader, and with the new possibilities of free elections and self-representation, Yugoslavia divided. The Rise of Serbian Nationalism Arguments began over centralism with a strong central government, versus federalism with the six republics having greater powers. Nationalism emerged, with people pushing for splitting Yugoslavia up or forcing it together under Serb domination. In 1986, the Serbian Academy of Sciences issued a Memorandum which became a focal point for Serb nationalism by reviving ideas of a Greater Serbia. The Memorandum claimed Tito, a Croat/Slovene, had deliberately tried to weaken Serb areas, which some people believed, as it explained why they were doing relatively poorly economically compared to the northern regions of Slovenia and Croatia. The Memorandum also claimed Kosovo had to remain Serbian, despite a 90 percent Albanian population, because of the importance to Serbia of a 14th century battle in that region. It was a conspiracy theory that twisted history, given weight by respected authors, and a Serb media which claimed Albanians were trying to rape and kill their way to genocide. They we ren’t. Tensions between Albanians and local Serbs exploded and the region began to fragment. In 1987, Slobodan Milosevic was a low-key but powerful bureaucrat who, thanks to the major support of Ivan Stambolic (who had risen to be Serbia’s Prime Minister) was able to leverage his position into an almost Stalin-like seizure of power in the Serb Communist Party by filling job after job with his own supporters. Until 1987 Milosevic was often portrayed as a dim-witted Stambolic lackey, but that year he was in the right place at the right time in Kosovo to make a televised speech in which he effectively seized control of the Serbian nationalism movement and then consolidated his part by seizing control of the Serbian communist party in a battle waged in the media. Having won and purged the party, Milosevic turned the Serb media into a propaganda machine which brainwashed many into paranoid nationalism. Milosevic than gained Serb ascendance over Kosovo, Montenegro, and Vojvodina, securing nationalist Serb power in four of the region’s units; the Yugoslav government c ould not resist. Slovenia now feared a Greater Serbia and set themselves up as the opposition, so the Serb media turned its attack onto Slovenes. Milosevic then started a boycott of Slovenia. With one eye on Milosevic’s human rights abuses in Kosovo, the Slovenes began to believe the future was out of Yugoslavia and away from Milosevic. In 1990, with Communism collapsing in Russia and across Eastern Europe, the Yugoslavia Communist Congress fragmented along nationalist lines, with Croatia and Slovenia quitting and holding multi-party elections in response to Milosevic trying to use it to centralize Yugoslav’s remaining power in Serb hands. Milosevic was then elected President of Serbia, thanks in part to removing $1.8 billion from the federal bank to use as subsidies. Milosevic now appealed to all Serbs, whether they were in Serbia or not, supported by a new Serb constitution which claimed to represent Serbs in other Yugoslav nations. The Wars for Slovenia and Croatia With the collapse of the communist dictatorships in the late 1980s, the Slovenian and Croatian regions of Yugoslavia held free, multi-party elections. The victor in Croatia was the Croatian Democratic Union, a right-wing party. The fears of the Serb minority were fuelled by claims from within the remainder of Yugoslavia that the CDU planned a return to the anti-Serb hatred of World War II. As the CDU had taken power partly as a nationalistic response to Serbian propaganda and actions, they were easily cast as the Ustasha reborn, especially as they began to force Serbs out of jobs and positions of power. The Serb-dominated region of Knin- vital for the much needed Croatian tourism industry- then declared itself a sovereign nation, and a spiral of terrorism and violence began between Croatian Serbs and Croats. Just as the Croats were accused of being Ustaha, so the Serbs were accused of being Chetniks. Slovenia held a plebiscite for independence, which passed due to large fears over Serb domination and Milosevics actions in Kosovo, and both Slovenia and Croatia began arming local military and paramilitaries. Slovenia declared independence on June 25, 1991, and the JNA (Yugoslavia’s Army, under Serbian control, but concerned whether their pay and benefits would survive the division into smaller states) was ordered in to hold Yugoslavia together. Slovenia’s independence was aimed more at breaking from Milosevic’s Greater Serbia than from the Yugoslav ideal, but once the JNA went in, full independence was the only option. Slovenia had prepared for a short conflict, managing to keep some of their weapons when the JNA had disarmed Slovenia and Croatia,  and hoped that the JNA would soon get distracted by wars elsewhere. In the end, the JNA was defeated in 10 days, partly because there were few Serbs in the region for it to stay and fight to protect. When Croatia also declared independence on June 25, 1991, following a Serb seizure of Yugoslavia’s presidency, clashes between Serbs and Croatians increased. Milosevic and the JNA used this as a reason to invade Croatia to try to protect the Serbs. This action was encouraged by the U.S. Secretary of State who told Milosevic that the U.S. would not recognize Slovenia and Croatia, giving the Serb leader the impression he had a free hand. A short war followed, where around a third of Croatia was occupied. The UN then acted, offering foreign troops to try and halt the warfare (in the form of UNPROFOR) and bring peace and demilitarization to the disputed areas. This was accepted by the Serbs because they’d already conquered what they wanted and forced other ethnicities out, and they wanted to use the peace to focus on other areas. The international community recognized Croatian independence in 1992, but areas remained occupied by the Serbs and protected by the UN. Before these could be reclaimed, the conflict in Yugoslavia spread because both Serbia and Croatia wanted to break up Bosnia between them. In 1995 Croatia’s government won back control of western Slavonia and central Croatia from the Serbs in Operation Storm, thanks in part to U.S. training and U.S. mercenaries; there was counter ethnic cleansing, and the Serb population fled. In 1996 pressure on Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic forced him to surrender eastern Slavonia and pull out his troops, and Croatia finally won back this region in 1998. UN Peacekeepers only left in 2002. The War for Bosnia After WWII, the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of Yugoslavia, populated by a mixture of Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, the latter being recognized in 1971 as a class of ethnic identity. When a census was taken in the aftermath of the collapse of Communism, Muslims comprised 44 percent of the population, with 32 percent Serbs and fewer Croats. The free elections held then produced political parties with corresponding sizes, and a three-way coalition of nationalist parties. However, the Bosnian Serb party- pushed by Milosevic- agitated for more. In 1991 they declared the Serb Autonomous Regions and a national assembly for Bosnian Serbs only, with supplies coming from Serbia and the former Yugoslavian military. The Bosnian Croats responded by declaring their own power blocs. When Croatia was recognized by the international community as independent, Bosnia held its own referendum. Despite Bosnian-Serbian disruptions, a massive majority voted for independence, declared on March 3, 1992. This left a large Serb minority which, fuelled by Milosevic’s propaganda, felt threatened and ignored and wanted to join with Serbia. They had been armed by Milosevic, and would not go quietly. Initiatives by foreign diplomats to peacefully break Bosnia into three areas, defined by the ethnicity of the locals, failed as fighting broke out. War spread throughout Bosnia as Bosnian Serb paramilitaries attacked Muslim towns and executed people en masse to force the populations out, to try and create a united land filled with Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs were led by Radovan Karadzic, but criminals soon formed gangs and took their own bloody routes. The term ethnic cleansing was used to describe their actions. Those who weren’t killed or had not fled were put into detention camps and mistreated further. Shortly after, two-thirds of Bosnia came under the control of forces commanded from Serbia. After setbacks- an international arms embargo which favored the Serbs, a conflict with Croatia which saw them ethnically cleanse too (such as at Ahmici)- the Croats and Muslims agreed  to a federation. They fought the Serbs to a standstill and then took back their  land. During this period, the U.N. refused to play any direct role despite evidence of genocide, preferring to provide humanitarian aid (which undoubtedly saved lives, but did not tackle the cause of the problem), a no-fly  zone, sponsoring safe areas, and promoting discussions such as the Vance-Owen Peace Plan. The latter has been much criticized as pro-Serb  but did involve them handing some conquered land back. It was scuppered by the international community. However, in 1995 NATO attacked Serbian forces after they ignored the U.N. This was thanks in no small part to one man, General Leighton W. Smith Jr., who was in charge in the area, although their effectiveness is debated. Peace talks- previously rejected by the Serbs but now accepted by a Milosevic who was turning against the Bosnian Serbs and their exposed weaknesses- produced the Dayton Agreement after the place of its negotiation in Ohio. This produced The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croats and Muslims, with 51 percent of the land, and a Bosnian Serb republic with 49 percent of the land. A 60,000 man international peacekeeping force was sent in (IFOR). No one was happy: no Greater Serbia, no Greater Croatia, and a devastated Bosnia-Hercegovina moving towards partition, with huge areas politically dominated by Croatia and Serbia. There had been millions of refugees, perhaps half of the Bosnian population. In Bosnia, elections in 1996 elected another triple government. The War for Kosovo By the end of the 1980s, Kosovo was a supposedly autonomous area within Serbia, with a 90 percent Albanian population. Because of the region’s religion and history- Kosovo was the location of a battle key in Serbian folklore and of some importance to Serbia’s actual history- many nationalist Serbs began to demand, not just control of the region but a resettlement program to oust the Albanians permanently. Slobodan Milosevic canceled Kosovar autonomy in 1988–1989, and Albanians retaliated with strikes and protests. A leadership emerged in the intellectual Democratic League of Kosovo, which aimed at pushing as far as they could towards independence without getting into a war with Serbia. A referendum called for independence, and newly autonomous structures were created within Kosovo itself. Given that Kosovo was poor and unarmed, this stance proved popular, and amazingly the region passed through the bitter Balkan wars of the early 1990s mostly unscathed. With ‘peace’, Kosovo was ignored by the negotiators and found itself still in Serbia. For many, the way the region had been sidelined and lumped into Serbia by the West suggested that peaceful protest wasn’t enough. A militant arm, which had emerged in 1993 and produced the Kosovan Liberation Army (KLA), now grew stronger and was bankrolled by those Kosovars who worked abroad and could provide foreign capital. The KLA committed their first major actions in 1996, and a cycle of terrorism and counter-attack flared up between Kosovars and Serbs. As the situation worsened and Serbia refused diplomatic initiatives from the West, NATO decided it could intervene, especially after Serbs massacred 45 Albanian villagers in a highly publicized incident. A last-ditch attempt at finding peace diplomatically- which has also been accused of simply being a Western sideshow to establish clear good and bad sides- led the Kosovar contingent to accept terms but the Serbs to reject it, thus allowing the West to portray the Serbs as at fault. There thus began on March 24 a very new type of war, one which lasted until June 10 but which was conducted entirely from the NATO end by airpower. Eight hundred thousand people fled their homes, and NATO failed to work with the KLA to coordinate things on the ground. This air war progressed ineffectually for NATO until they finally accepted that they would need ground troops, and went about getting them ready- and until Russia agreed to force Serbia to concede. Quite which one of these was the most important is still up for debate. Serbia was to pull all its troops and police (who were largely Serb) out of Kosovo, and the KLA was to disarm. A force of peacekeepers dubbed KFOR would police the region, which was to have full autonomy inside Serbia. The Myths of Bosnia There is a myth, widely spread during the wars of the former Yugoslavia and still around now, that Bosnia was a modern creation with no history, and that fighting for it was wrong (in as much as the western and international powers did fight for it). Bosnia was a medieval kingdom under a monarchy founded in the 13th century. It survived until the Ottomans conquered it in the 15th century. Its boundaries remained among the most consistent of the Yugoslavian states as administrative regions of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires. Bosnia did have a history, but what it lacked was an ethnic or religious majority. Instead, it was a multi-cultural and relatively peaceful state. Bosnia was not torn apart by millennia-old religious or ethnic conflict, but by politics and modern tensions. Western bodies believed the myths (many spread by Serbia) and abandoned many in Bosnia to their fate. Western Lack of Intervention The wars in the former Yugoslavia could have proved even more embarrassing for  NATO, the UN, and the leading western nations like the U.K., U.S., and France, had the media chosen to report it as such. Atrocities were reported in 1992, but peacekeeping forces- which were undersupplied and given no powers- as well as a no-fly zone and an arms embargo which favored the Serbs, did little to stop the war or the genocide. In one dark incident, 7,000 males were killed in Srebrenica as UN Peacekeepers looked on unable to act. Western views on the wars were too often based on misreadings of ethnic tensions and Serbian propaganda. Conclusion The wars in the former Yugoslavia appear to be over for now. Nobody won, as the result was a redrawing of the ethnic map through fear and violence. All peoples- Croat, Muslim, Serb and others- saw centuries-old communities permanently erased through murder and the threat of murder, leading to states which were more ethnically homogenous but tainted by guilt. This may have pleased top players like Croat leader Tudjman, but it destroyed hundreds of thousands of lives. All 161 people charged by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for  war crimes  have now been arrested.

Scholarship award Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Award - Scholarship Essay Example My previous career choice was that of a personal trainer. This was an offshoot of my highly active lifestyle. I was taking such good care of my body and keeping so fit that it was no surprise for the people who knew me when I began training other people as well. That is why my mothers cancer battle came as such a big blow to me. Yet I used her battle to inspire me to do better as a physical trainer, hoping that I could prevent the onset of such debilitating illnesses upon my own clients when I could not prevent it from happening to my own mother. But as time progressed, I came to understand that a personal trainer could only help his clients to a certain extent. I need to study further and concentrate on more advanced subjects relating to the human body and as far as I was concerned, only Biology could help me do that. Studying Biology has been an enjoyable experience for me as I am able to connect my knowledge about exercise with the information that I became exposed to in my biology related courses. I am actually looking forward to finishing this degree very soon so that I move on to my Physical Therapy studies where I plan on combining my experience as a personal trainer with my knowledge of the human body which I learned in biology in the hopes of being able to help more people lead healthy and productive lives. I would not have been in a financial position to actively pursue these socially conscious ambitions of mine without the help of this scholarship grant as the education that I am pursuing comes at a very steep price that is not affordable to many college

Reflection Paper 2 Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection 2 - Research Paper Example In my particular case, for the past ten years, I have worked as an Instructor and Instructor Trainer of Basic Life Support (BLS) among other courses for a company owned by Jose, RN-EMT, a Florida Region American Heart Association Community Training Center (CTC) Faculty Coordinator. Jose, RN-EMT continues to limit his communication process to utilizing email with Nurse Instructors. Indeed, this communication strategy is quite good but in order to promote effective communication, there is need for improvement of this system. For instance, verbal communication through telephones and video conferencing can also act as viable strategies that can improve the communication between the parties involved. As Nurse Instructors, I think there should be more open communication channels in order to operate effectively. This enables us to create mutual understanding with different people we will be dealing with in our operations. A critical analysis of Nancy Blake and Colleen Young (2013) article t itle â€Å"How to Be an Effective Charge Nurse: Excellent communication skills, flexibility, clinical competency, and ability to make quick decisions required† shows that there are various traits that an individual should possessed in order to be an effective charge nurse. Blake and Young (2013, p.1) affirms, â€Å"The role of a charge nurse is unpredictable. It requires a person with excellent communication skills who is flexible, clinically competent and able to make decisions quickly.† In most cases, charge nurses function as liaison between middle management, staff, physicians, patients and families among other groups. Charge nurses deal with different people in their tasks hence, the reason for them to possess effective communication and leadership skills. According to Blake and Young (2013, p.1), â€Å"An effective charge nurse needs to incorporate leadership and communication skills with conflict resolution, time management and organizational techniques, delega tion, mentorship, education, and role modelling to be successful.† These characteristics are very important in as far as the effectiveness of charge nurses in dispensing their duties is concerned. This notion is supported by Grossman and Valiga (2009), who state â€Å"Leadership and followership are two separate concepts that are complementary or reciprocal, not competitive†(p. 36).   This also goes hand in hand with the aspect of culture which shapes the behavior of the employees in each department. According to Hawkins & Kratsch (2004), each unit has a culture that shapes the behavior of the people working there.   It is therefore the role of the leader to foster this culture, thus positively influence the other members to improve their performance. Non verbal communication is also important in order Aspects such as body language, facial expressions as well as tone have an impact on the way communication is carried out. The article also states that charge nurses s hould be good in delegating certain tasks to their followers in order to achieve quality patient care. One important role played by the charge nurse is to solve conflicts among the followers. This is not a very simple task since it requires someone with good communication skills in order to create mutual understanding among the warring parties. Overall, Blake and Young

Two Italian Paintings Essay Example for Free

Two Italian Paintings Essay The Madonna and Child subject matter was culled from Duccio di Buoninsegna’s (considered the father of Sienese painting) â€Å"Maestà ¡Ã¢â‚¬  which depicts â€Å"the Madonna and Child enthroned with saints and angels on the front of its two-sided panel (â€Å"Sienese Paintings†). Enriching each painting are Byzantine influences, the so-called International Gothic Style and the work of seven great Italian artists, four Sienese[1] painters and one sculptor: Duccio di Buoninsegna (active by 1278); Simone Martini (active by 1315), brothers Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti (active 1320-44 and 1319-47 respectively), and sculptor Giovanni Pisano (active 1284-1314); one Florentine painter Giotto di Bondone (1266/76-1337) heralded as the father of Western Art; and one Roman painter Pietro Cavallini (ca. 1240 – after ca. 1330) also credited with changing the course of Italian Painting[2] (â€Å"Sienese Painting† and â€Å"Panel Painting†). Evidence of the evolving Sienese style appears in Paolo di Giovanni Fei’s and Giovanni di Paolo’s work when you consider that both reflect Simone’s tendency towards â€Å"richly tooled surfaces with elegant naturalism[3]† and the Lorenzetti brothers â€Å"native feeling for rich color harmonies and precocious interest in genre-like details† (â€Å"Sienese Painting†). To that end Paolo di Giovanni Fei ‘s work, on the same subject matter, the Madonna and Child, is a creation of deliberation as the process of creating a panel was involved. Fei’s style is â€Å"characterized by a fanciful use of color and emphasis of detail rather than rational spatial illusionism† (â€Å"Paolo di Giovanni Fei†). The wonderfully varied palette of â€Å"Madonna Nursing Her Child† , a work dating from the late Medieval Italian period, ranges from the gold ground to the deeply indigo-hued robe of the Madonna with its turquoise and agate lining and gold detailing to the pale coral of her Child’s swaddling with its chalcedony lining. The engaged frame reflects his fondness for detail, containing several medallion-like decorations, while halos, worked into the ground, surround the heads of the Madonna and Child. Present as well is Fei’s disregard for the third dimension giving the panel a negative aspect with regard to landscape which manifests as a sense of flatness behind the stylized rather than completely naturalistic figures. The nursing child appears to drink from an object more related in appearance to a chalice than the Madonna’s breast. Clearly, the Madonna and Child are the focal point of the painting as there is no apparent source of light in the painting. Rather it is infused with light, this being the overall effect of the gold ground; the oil gilding used to attach it; and the tempera, which not only gives a hard shiny glaze, but allows for the obvious hatching and crosshatching apparent in the brushstrokes. The brushstrokes bequeath a sense of layering and depth for richly luminescent color. And for all the visually apparent texture of the painting, the relief conveyed by the scrollwork and medallions, Fei still captures and coveys both the lustrous, smoothness of gold and its softness of flexibility. Some of the above characteristics are also true of Giovanni di Paolo’s â€Å"Madonna and Child with Two Angels and a Donor†, a later work from the following Italian Renaissance period. Barring the addition of the extra figures its subject matter also draws from Duccio’s â€Å"Maestà ¡Ã¢â‚¬ , depicting the naturalistic figures of Madonna and nursing child before a backdrop noticeably more aware of the third dimension than Fei’s. As to the medium and support, Giovanni applied tempera to wood, creating a panel like Fei’s but considerably larger at, nearly five feet by three feet with a shaped top. The frame is reminiscent of early Gothic cathedrals while the luminous colors and richness of detail bring to mind a stained glass window, little touches adhering to the style called International Gothic. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, â€Å"the flesh areas of the Virgin and Child; the angels and donor, and the floor and pillow are remarkably well-preserved, but the haloes of the Virgin and Child are modern, as is the checkered cloth of honor. The red of the Virgin’s dress has been repainted and the gilt floral ornament of her cloak; which is heavily abraded is also of recent date† (Caption for â€Å"Madonna and Child with Two Angels and a Donor†). For all their modernity the additions are in keeping with Giovanni’s palette choices as the red checked cloth echoes the Virgin’s red robe, while the addition of gilt ornamentation on her robe adds the luminosity, found in the gold ground. Giovanni covers a considerable range of hues in his palette, from the gold background to the ultramarine and viridian hued cloak with gold detailing and the crimson dress of the Virgin to the soft rose and gold trellis of the Childs swaddling blanket to the primrose, blue, and brown of the Angels tunics to the deep muddy brown of the Donor’s robes and finally the ochre, red, rose blue and brown of the pillow and floor. As with Fei’s earlier work, Giovanni’s later work after the panel tradition infuses light throughout the work as opposed to depicting a singular source to illuminate the focal point of Madonna and Child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a comparison of Fei’s â€Å"Madonna Nursing Her Child† and Giovanni’s â€Å"Madonna and Child with Two Angels and a Donor† each, while after the Sienese panel tradition, are clearly representative of their art periods. Fei’s work, with its two dimensional use of space is closer to the Byzantine style informing late Medieval Italian paintings and the rather stylized representation of the human form in addition to the choice of tempera for medium and wood for support. Paradoxically, Giovanni uses the same medium and support, tempera and wood, despite the availability of oil paints, which came into use during the Italian Renaissance, Giovanni may have tried to reproduce the panel technique used by Fei, albeit unsuccessfully. For Fei’s work seems better preserved than Giovanni’s despite being older. In overall effect, Fei’s work seems closer to the pagan roots of Christianity, lacking an awareness of the Neo-Platonic traditions, such as the Chain of Being which seems to inform Giovanni’s work. In the latter work is an awareness of humanity, represented by the donor and therefore the purpose of the Angels and the Madonna and Child, the salvation of humanity. In Fei’s work the figures are somehow abstract and more like extreme apostrophes of salvation. In summation, the works of Paolo di Giovanni Fei and Giovanni di Paolo reflect the influences of their Sienese forbears (â€Å"Sienese Painting†). Both â€Å"Madonna Nursing Her Child† by Paolo di Giovanni and â€Å"Madonna and Child with Two Angels and a Donor† by Giovanni di Paolo reflect the stylistic and technical qualities of their times the late Medieval Italian and Italian Renaissance periods, respectively. However, peculiar to both and in a sense unifying them under the Sienese style[4] are the artists’ choice of medium and support: tempura on wood with gold ground and subject matter the Madonna and Child and a notable Pisanesque tendency to incorporate relief, areas of sculpting into the painting (â€Å"Sienese Painting†). Works Cited Department of European Paintings. â€Å"Italian Painting of the Later Middle Ages†. In Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000-. http://www.metmuseum .org/ toah/hd/pane/hd_pane.htm (October 2001) Department of European Paintings. â€Å"Italian Painting of the Later Middle Ages: Panel Painting†. In Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000-. http://www.metmuesum.org/toah/hd/iptg/hd_iptg.htm (October 2001) Department of European Paintings. â€Å"Sienese Painting†. In Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000-. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/sien/hd_sien.htm (October 2004) Larmann, Ralph. â€Å"Oil Painting†. Art Studio Chalkboard. University of Evansville Art Department. http://studiochalkboard.evansville.edu/ (November 2007). Delahunt, Michael. Editor â€Å"Light, Oil Gilding, Oil Paint, Ground, Gesso, Medallion, Space†. In Artlex: Art Dictionary. http://www.artlex.com (1996-2007) Anonymous. â€Å"Paolo di Giovanni Fei†. Union List of Artist Names Online: Full Record Display.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The J. Paul Getty Trust 2004. http://getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?findrole= nation=subjectid=500013966 Anonymous. â€Å"Giovanni di Paolo†. Union List of Artist Names Online: Full Record Display.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The J. Paul Getty Trust 2004. http://getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?findrole= nation=subjectid=500116438 Paolo di Giovanni Fei: Madonna and Child (41.190.13). In Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/iptg/hod_41.190.13.htm (October 2006) â€Å"Madonna and Child with Angels†. Scholar’s Resource. http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/work/2144570308 [1] Siena with Florence was the chief economic, political and cultural center of Tuscany in the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance (â€Å"Sienese Painting†). [2] â€Å"Maestà ¡Ã¢â‚¬  which depicts â€Å"the Madonna and Child enthroned with saints and angels on the front of its two-sided panel (â€Å"Sienese Paintings†). Duccio’ work belongs to the later medieval period which was influenced by Byzantine influences which grew in thirteenth century Italy with the fall of the Byzantine Empire at the hands of Christian armies. The work of masters such as Florentine Giotto di Bondone and Roman Pietro Cavallini not only led to the expression of more humanistic and less stylized depictions of emotions and figures but helped create a new approach to pictorial space so that the flat world of the thirteenth century became more analogous to the real world. This led to the ever evolving style of the Sienese panel painters who were fond of creating altar pieces for churches with the Madonna and Child shown on the main panel. [3] Simone’s style formed the basis for the so-called International Gothic style (â€Å"Sienese Painting†). [4] The Byzantine influences, the so-called International Gothic Style and the work of seven great Italian artists, four Sienese[4] painters and one sculptor: Duccio di Buoninsegna (active by 1278); Simone Martini (active by 1315), brothers Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti (active 1320-44 and 1319-47 respectively), and sculptor Giovanni Pisano (active 1284-1314); one Florentine painter Giotto di Bondone (1266/76-1337) heralded as the father of Western Art; and one Roman painter Pietro Cavallini (ca.1240 – after ca. 1330) also credited with changing the course of Italian Painting[4] (â€Å"Sienese Painting† and â€Å"Panel Painting†).

Computers in the Classroom :: Technology Technological Essays Education

Computers in the Classroom Computers are being used in classrooms all over the country. Children have access to a computer while at home or at school. However, is the technology being channeled through computers being depended upon too much? Are they going to take over the role of the teacher as an educator? Many educators are asking these questions regarding the education of their students. Computers affect the students and teachers in both positive and negative ways. In this paper I am going to discuss the benefits and downfalls of computers in the classroom. In just five years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of computers being used. Computers are virtually in every home, school and library. People can access facts and ideas that they were never able to before and can also do many things that were out of reach and unimaginable. In 1995, according to the Census Bureau of the United States, fifty percent of schools had access to the internet but by 2000, the numbers rose to ninety-eight percent. In 1995, only eight percent of classrooms had access to the internet and by 2000, seventy seven percent of classrooms had access to the internet. Teachers have taken advantage of the accessibility and have begun to include the computers and the internet into their lessons everyday. In 1999, of all public elementary schools, fifty six percent of teachers were using the internet to have their students to get more practice in certain areas and producing reports and projects. However, is using the computer beneficial to the teacher and the students? With the internet being so available, students are given the opportunity to be linked with the outside world that they may never have otherwise experienced. Interactive games and simulations can now be found that give students a valuable visual representation of a place, how something works, or an experiment. Also, students can now take what the teachers have taught them in class and practice their skills and stuffy their facts on the computer. With this convenience, students are now performing better on standardized tests than ever before because they are able to practice the subjects in a fun way. [1] Student’s research will also change because instead of using books for references, students will use the internet that does not always contain as many reliable sources. A student with access to the internet is often times more eager to learn and does further research on a topic that interests them because it is within reach in seconds.

Description of Proposed Network Essay

Our proposal includes the development of a LAN able to meet the requirements of your company’s software. The computer network components include the use of a server, a switch, patch panel, and a router for the office. The selected NOS (Network Operating System) is Windows 2000 Server. This operating system provides great conveniences to the installation, configuration, and maintenance of the network. Windows 2000 Server provides the enhanced DHCP, DNS and WINS features allow a network administrator to expediently manage all clients on the network. The data communication media for the networks is UTP CAT5. This cabling follows the Ethernet standards for TCP/IP and ensures decreased propagation and noise. I understand the motivations for creating a network and can apply these technologies to improve communications and access to information, as well as support and maintain the infrastructure. Goals and Products: The following list is networking hardware that can be implemented: *Nortel Networks Passport 2430 Enterprise Router: Offers the features and performance of more expensive routers, but at a much lower price. Also, this unit is known for its quiet operation, and sleek enclosure. *Nortel Networks BayStack 350 Series Switch: supports high-utilization workgroups for high-bandwidth uplinks to servers. *Dell PowerEdge 650 Server: Cost-effective rack server performance, manageability, and serviceability. Easy to mange. Also with tape drive backup support. *Nortel Networks OPTera Metro Cabinet 5200: Free-standing structure which will hold router, switch, server, and patch panel. *16-port Patch Panel Each employee workstation is to be custom ordered from Dell. Each employee will house a Dell computer with the following options: *2 GHz Pentium 4 Processor *256MB RAM *13GB Hard Drive *Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapters *52X CD-Rom *8 MB Video Card *17†³ Monitor (Can use current monitors if budget is exceeded) *Internal Zip Drive Fast Ethernet is the protocol of choice. The wiring is a higher quality than the Category 3 normally used by Ethernet, therefore is a bit more expensive, but a worthy advantage. Fast Ethernet defines a star topology. There are many advantages in designing a LAN based on a star topology. It allows expansion to the existing LAN without effort or disruption. Troubleshooting, repair, and maintenance can be accomplished to a failed node without holding up or disrupting work on other nodes. The first step of implementing the network involves running drops in two corners of the office. The switch, router, patch panel, and server will be located in a rack closet dedicated to LAN equipment. This rack will be placed in a location for centrality. The entire office will be cabled with category 5 unshielded-twisted pair cable. Wall faceplates to include both drops and a phone jack will be installed. Panels spanning each wall will  house cables to ensure a clean look. As can be expected, the physical cost to install these drops are minimal, the labor is the majority of this expense. The second step of implementing the network involves configuring each piece of networking equipment. The router will be set up to ensure serviceability and reliability between employees and the server. From the router there will be a switch attached. The router will service a protocol (DHCP) which will allow workstations to access the network. The patch panel will be used as a middleman between the user and the switch. 1ft cables will be used to connect the switch and patch panel with also the use of a punch-down block. The third step of implementing the network involves configuring the server. This server will be set up to store crucial data, backup data, directory services (User Management), and file and print services. From the server you will have control and full access to each employee’s machine. Specifications: Hardware plays an important role in reliability of a network. Each workstation is to be custom ordered from Dell. Each employee will house a Dell computer with the following options: *2 GHz Pentium 4 Processor *256MB RAM *13GB Hard Drive *Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapters *52X CD-Rom *8 MB Video Card *17†³ Monitor (Can use current monitors if budget is exceeded) *Internal Zip Drive In addition the office will house a Hewlett Packard LaserJet 4000N due to estimated heavy printing volume. The network equipment will be housed in a rack mount closet. That equipment will consist of a Dell PowerEdge 650 Server with the following components: *3.06GHZ Pentium 4 Processor 512K internal L2 Cache, *1GB ECC DDR266 Memory, *Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapter, *16x4GB SCSI Hard Drive’s, *3.5†³ Floppy Drive, CD-ROM, and Internal Zip Drive. The hard drive’s in the server will be partitioned into a public working drive and a back up drive and will also be using RAID 5. Equipment and Labor Costs: Equipment: *Passport 2430 Enterprise Router – $349.99 *BayStack 350 Series Switch – $714.99 *PowerEdge 650 Server – $1499.99 *OPTera Metro Cabinet 5200 – $1299.99 *12-port Patch Panel – $119.99 *Cabling Costs: oUTP CAT5 Cable 650FT (~60ft per workstation) – $500 o(48) RJ-45 Connecters – $200 *(10) Custom Dell Workstations featuring Windows 2000 – $6000 *(11) 17†³ Monitors – $1100 (Save this by using current monitors) *HP 4000N LaserJet Printer – $200 *Looking at a total for equipment just shy of $12,000 Labor: *Flat hourly rate of $90/HR. *Project will take 5 business days (8hr/day limit). *Looking at a total for labor- $3600 An estimated Grand-Total- $16,000* *This figure is based on new state of the art equipment and software. Every item has been carefully examined to ensure it offers the most for the needs of Creative Accounting. Cost may be cut if the need arises, however, efficiency and technology will be sacrificed. All in all, this network has been developed with the sole purpose of satisfying the company’s needs within realistic constraints. Please feel free to contact me with any questions regarding this proposal.